NP COLLECTABLES
European Cultures

 

 
 
Acheulian
1.4 million to 125,000 (Ipswichian interglacial) years ago 
Core tool industry, tools were made by removing flakes from cores
Characteristic stone tools:
Hand axes (bifaces )
Cleavers 
Choppers
Flake tools
Compare to Clactonian stone-tool assemblages.

Aurignacian
34,000 to 27,000 years ago
contemporaneous with Châtelperronian 
Characteristic stone tools:
dominated by blade tools 
carinate scrapers on blocks 
scaled marginal retouch 
dihedral burins 
distinctive bone points
few or no typical Mousterian forms 

Chatelperronian
35,000 to 30,000 years ago 
direct typological descendent of Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA)
Characteristic stone tools:
backed stone knives (Mousterian) 
Châtelperron point 
bone points 
Art 

Clactonian
500,000 to 125,000  years ago
Name given to the stone tools of the Lower Paleolithic period in
Europe,  made by Homo erectus. 
Characteristic stone tools:
Scrapers and knives are made from flakes chipped off of cores from alternating directions; the cores themselves were often used as choppers. 
Compare to Acheulian stone-tool assemblages.

Gravettian
27,000 to 22,000 years ago 
material culture
Characteristic stone tools:
bone points 
notched, sharpened blades 
Gravette point 
Art: "Venus" figurines

Magdalenian
19,000 to 9,000 years ago 
very cold (20,000) to warming (after 14,000) to temperate (8,000) 
Characteristic stone tools:
Early Magdalenian
pressure-flaked bone-heads 
bas-relief sculpture (France and Spain) 
Late Magdalenian
apogee of cave and antler art 
skillful bone and antler work 
most elaborate development in France and Spain 

Mesolithic Period
10,000 to 6,000 years ago

Micoquian
115,000 years ago (Wurm I) 
Looks like Mousterian assemblage with Acheulean handaxes 
Characteristic stone tools:
Lanceolate handaxe with globular butt and concave edges 
otherwise assemblage resembles that of Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA) 
Occurs at the end of the European Middle Paleolithic.

Mousterian
125,000 - 35,000 yeas ago
Associated with the Neandertals
Characteristic stone tools:

Mousterian Industry is a prepared-core flake-tool industry, tools were made from flakes removed from a core that had been prepared (shaped) so that the flake removed formed a particular shape.  (i.e Levallois core preparation flakes)
Side, Transversal, Convergent, Double Scrapers
Levallois and Mousterian points
Points and Blades (Knifes)
Mousterian Industries (assemblages) defined in
France:
Micoquian industry 
Charentian Mousterian
further divided into Quina and Ferrassie based on types of scrapers.
Denticulate Mousterian 
Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA)

 
Neolithic Period
6,000 to 3,500 years ago

Perigordian
26,000 to 20,000 years ago 
French counterpart to the Gravettian
Characteristic stone tools:
Gravette points, truncated blades, noailles burins, truncated elements and Font Robert points with truncation and dihedral burin

Solutrean
25,000 to 16,000 years ago 
material culture
Characteristic stone tools:
Well made bifacial tools (Solutrean points) 
backed points and blades 
Cave art 

Denmark: Cultures

Hamburg Culture: approximately 13,000 to 12,000 BC
Federmesser Culture: 12,000 to 11,400 BC
Bromme Culture: 11,400 to 10,200 BC
Ahrensburg Culture: 10,200 to 8,900 BC
Maglemose Culture: 8,900 to 6,400 BC
Kongemose Culture: 6,400 to 5,400 BC
Ertebölle Culture: 5,400 to 3,900 BC
Dolmen Period: 3,900 to 3,400 BC
(Funnel beaker culture I)
Passage Grave Culture: 3,400 to 2,800 BC
(Funnel beaker culture II)
Single Grave Culture: 2,800 to 2,400 BC
Pitware Culture: 2,800 to 2,600 BC
Bell-beaker Culture: 2,400 to 2,000 BC
Dagger Period: 2,400 to 1,800 BC